ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT In this study, a comprehensive phytochemical characterization of two morphologically related species from the genus Espeletia Mutis ex Bonpl., namely, Espeletia grandiflora Humb. & Bonpl. and Espeletia killipii Cuatrec., Asteraceae, has been performed by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analysis of ethanol extracts (70%, v/v) from leaves and concomitant compound dereplication allowed the identification of major peaks, most of them new reports for the genus Espeletia or the subtribe Espeletiinae. Chemical characterization of resins essential oils indicated several similarities and differences between both species and from other members of the subtribe. Chemometric analysis (hierarchical clustering analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis) applied to the essential oil composition of 31 species from Espeletiinae furthermore allowed the identification of three primary clusters correlated with the taxonomy. Hence, this study underscored qualitative and semiquantitative differences between the chemical composition of leaves and resins of E. grandiflora and E. killipii, provided information on chemotaxonomy and described the presence of different trends in the essential oil composition from species of Espeletiinae.
ABSTRACT
La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial que conduce a la destrucción del tejido duro dental. El principal objetivo de la investigación en plantas medicinales es la búsquedade compuestos con actividad antimicrobiana para su posterior uso en estrategias de prevención o control de enfermedades infecciosas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de fracciones y subfracciones obtenidas de la planta Elaeagia utilis contra Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus y Lactobacillus acidophilus. El materialvegetal fue colectado en la ciudad de Albán (Cundinamarca-Colombia) situada a una altitud de 2245 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Mediante el método de maceración en frio de hojas de E. utilis se obtuvieron dos extractos, uno en éter de petróleo y otro en etanol. Del extracto etéreo se obtuvieron fraccionesmediante cromatografía en columna al vacío y al extracto etanólico se le realizó fraccionamiento líquido/líquido continuo. La evaluación de la actividad antimicrobiana de las fracciones ysubfracciones se realizó por el método de difusión en pozo. A una concentración de 10 mg/pozo, múltiples fracciones obtenidas de los dos extractos presentaron actividad antimicrobianasobre S. mutans, S. sobrinus y L. acidophilus. De las fracciones del extracto etanólico se destaca la fracción diclorometano, por presentar mayor actividad antimicrobiana, razón por lo cual se subfracciona y se obtienen tres subfracciones con actividad inhibitoria.La subfracción más activa fue eOH:H2O (Bp) con una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 0.1 mg/pozo sobre las 3bacterias en estudio. En esta subfracción se determinaron terpenos, sesquiterpenlactonas y compuestos fenólicos simples. En conclusión, en este estudio se presenta el potencial antimicrobiano de fracciones y subfracciones obtenidas de extractos dehojas de E. utilis contra microorganismos de importancia encaries dental.
Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease that leads tothe destruction of dental hard tissue. The main goal of researchinto medicinal plants is to seek compounds with antimicrobialactivity for subsequent use in prevention strategies and controlof infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate theantimicrobial activity of fractions and subfractions obtainedfrom Elaeagia utilis against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococ-cus sobrinus and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The plant materialwas collected in the town of Alban (Cundinamarca, Colombia),which is located at an altitude of 2245 meters above sea level.Two extracts were obtained by cold maceration of E. utilis leavesin (a) petroleum ether extract and (b) ethanol extract. Fractionswere obtained from the petroleum ether extract by column vacu-um chromatography, and from the ethanol extract by continuousliquid / liquid partitioning. The antimicrobial activity of frac-tions and subfractions was evaluated by the well diffusionmethod. At a concentration of 10 mg /well, several fractions fromboth extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S.sobrinus and L. acidophilus. Among the ethanol extract frac-tions, the dichloromethane fraction had notably greaterantimicrobial activity. It was sub-partitioned, yielding three sub-fractions with inhibitory activity, of which the most active wasMeOH: H2O (Bp) with minimum inhibitory concentration 0.1mg /well on the 3 study bacteria. Terpenes, sesquiterpenlactonesand simple phenolic compounds were identified in it. In conclu-sion, this study shows the antimicrobial potential of fractionsand subfractions obtained from extracts of E. utilis leaves againstbacteria that are important in dental caries.